Dimanche 29 juillet 2007

CV_ENGLISH

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CURRICULUM VITAE
 
 
 
PERSONAL DATA
 
 
Name: Sist
First Name : Plinio
Date and Place of Birth:  September 14th 1961, Paris
Nationality : French
Marital Status: married, 2 children (6 and 8)
 
 
Mailing Address: SHIS QL 6 CJ 5 Casa 4, 71620-055 Brasilia DF, Brasil
 
 
LANGUAGES
 
1. French (Mother Tongue)
2. Italian (bilingual)
3. English (Fluent)
4. Portuguese (Fluent)
5. Indonesian (Fluent)
6. Spanish (understand, read)
 
 
EDUCATION
 
 
1985-1989 
PhD : THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE DE PARIS VI, Tropical vegetal Biology
 
1984-1985 
Master: DEA, DIPLOME D’ETUDES APPROFONDIES DE BIOLOGIE VEGETALE TROPICALE, (September 1985) Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI)
 
1983-1984 
Maitrise BOP (Biologie des Organismes et des Populations), University of Paris VII
 
1982-1983 
Licence BOP (Biologie des Organismes et des Populations) University of Paris VII
 
1980-1982 
DEUG SNV (DIPLOME D’ETUDES GENERALE Science de la nature et de la vie), University of Paris VII
 
 
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
 
 
 
2005-Present
Brazil, Brasilia (CIRAD-EMBRAPA)
Coordinator of the FLOAGRI Project funded by the EC
Coordinator of the silviculture component of the project Floresta em Pé funded by the FFEM
2001-2005
 
Brazil Belém (CIRAD-EMBRAPA)
Coordinator of the Ecosilva Project Embrapa, Belém, Brazil
Visiting Professor at UFRA University (Universidade Federal Rural da Amazonia) (2004-2005)
1999-2001 
France, Montpellier (CIRAD).
Finalization of the Bulungan Project (publications and reports of activities) Construction of a new project with Embrapa Belém.
1996-1999 
Indonesia, Bogor (CIRAD-CIFOR)
Elaboration of the Bulungan Project
Coordination of the silvicultural component of the project (RIL techniques)
1991-1996 
Indonesia, East Kalimantan (CIRAD-Ministry of Forestry)
Project assistant (STREK Project)
1990-1991
Indonesia, Bogor (Ministry of Foreign Affairs-BIOTROP)
Vegetation map of West Kalimantan
1985 -1988 
French Guiana
Fellowship doctorate student
 
 
MEMBER OF NETWORK, RESEARCH UNITS AND EDITORIAL BOARD OF SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS
2001-Present Member of UMR ECOFOG (Ecologie des forêts de Guyane, Cirad-ENGREF-INRA, UMR 745) 
 
IUFRO : Coordinator of the division 3.07.00 Forest operations in the tropics
Deputy officer of the division 1.O2.O4: Forest dynamics and yield regulation systems for   tropical/subtropical moist forests
 
Member of the Editorial Board of Forest Ecology and Management (Elsevier) since 2004
 
Member of the reviewers committee of Bois et Forêts des Tropiques
 
 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE MAIN PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES
 
q      2005-Present: Embrapa-Cenargen, Brasilia
§         Coordinator of the FLOAGRI Project funded by the EC. The project aims to promote production systems within family agriculture in the Amazon integrating agriculture and forest management. The project acts in 3 different Amazonian countries : Brazil, Peru and Equador. The project started officially in July 2005 and has a 42 month duration and a total budget of 2,5 millions €, involving 5 different institutions and a team of more than 20 researchers and technicians. The executing institution of the project is Cirad (Forestry department) while the partner institutions in Brazil are Embrapa and IPAM, in Equador INIAP and in Peru UNAS.
§         Coordinator of the silviculture component of the Project Floresta em Pé funded by the FFEM The main objective of this project is to promote sustainable multiple forest management plan in the region of Santarém (Brazil) in the framework of partnership between communities and logging companies. The silvicultural part of the project will focus on the seek of new silvicultural rules able to take into account all the forest resources (timber and non timber products). Special attention will be given to tree species providing both timber and non timber forest products. 


 2001-2005 : Embrapa, Belém,
§         Coordinator of the Ecosilva Project The project Ecosilva main objectif was to define new silvicultural rules based on our knowledge of the ecology of the main important commercial species. The project questioned the capacity of Reduced Impact Logging techniques to ensure, alone, sustainable forest management for timber. Studies on the impact of these techniqes on forest structure and dynamics were carried out in a private forest managed by a FSC certifed logging company (CIKEL).The main research studies were :
-          Impact of logging on forest dynamics and yield
-          Study of the vulnerability of some timber species to logging operation
-          Search for new logging rules for a better sustainability
§         Professor at UFRA University
§         Orientation of graduate and pos-graduate students from Brazil and Europe
 
 
1999-2001 : Cirad-Forêt Montpellier
 
§         Follow up of the Bulungan Project : field missions and publication of scientific paper and report of activities
§         Publication of STREK project Results
§         Successive visits to Brazil for the elaboration of the Ecosilva Project.
 
 
1996-1999 : CIFOR, Bogor
§         CIRAD Visiting Scientist in CIFOR
-     Elaboration of the Bulungan Research Forest in Bornéo
-     Coordinator of the silvicultural and forest ecology component of the project
-          -       Organization of an international workshop on the management of secondary forests in SE Asia.
 
 
q      1991-1996 : CIRAD EAST KALIMANTAN, STREK PPROJECT
 
§              Assistant of the project coordinator The main objective of the project was to assess the impact of RIL techniques on forest dynamics in order to recommand new silcivultural rules for mixed dipterocarp forests. My main activities were the following:
-          Monitoring of the experimental net plot
-          Botanical identification of trees in the permament plots
-          Implementation of RIL technique in the plots
-          Assessment of logging damage on forest stand
-          Assessment of logging impact on forest dynamics (plot monitoring)
-          Logging damage assessment
-          Coordination of the field team (technicians and engineers)
 
q      1990-1991 : Visiting Scientist in BIOTROP Bogor, Indonésie
 
Coordinator for the construction of the vegetation map of West Kalimantan. The main objective was to check in the field the vegetation map made from satellite and aerial photos. The contract foreseen for 2 years was stopped after the first year, with therefore the impossibility to finish the map within this short term assignment.
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Dimanche 29 juillet 2007

Publication List

Articles in International Scientific Journals
 
Sist, P., PUIG, H. 1987. Régénération, dynamique des populations et dissémination d’un palmier en Guyane français : Jessenia batauassp oligocarpa. Adansonia, 3: 317-336. Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., 4ème série, 9, Section B.
 
Sist, P. 1989. Peuplement et phénologie des palmiers en Guyane française (piste de St Elie).Rev. Ecol. (Terre et Vie), 44 (2) : 113-151.
 
Sist, P. 1989. Demography of Astrocayum sciophilum an understory palm of French Guiana.  Principes, 33 (3) : 142-151.
 
Puig, H., Forget, P-M., Sist, P. 1989. Dissémination et régénération de quelques arbres en forêt tropicale guyanaise. Bull. Soc. bot. Fr., 136 : 119-131.
 
Bertault, J-G, Sist, P.1995. The effect of logging in natural forests. Bois et Forêts des Tropiques, 245: 5-20
 
Bertault, J-G, Sist, P. 1997. An experimental comparison of different harvesting intensities with reduced-impact and conventional logging in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Forest Ecology and Management, 94: 209-218.
 
Favrichon, V., Damio, T., Doumbia, N., Dupuy, B., Higuchi, N., Kadir K., Maitre, H.F., Nguyen-The, N., Petrucci, Y., Sist P. 1997. Réaction de peuplements forestiers tropicaux à des interventions sylvicoles. Bois et Forêts des Tropiques, 254: 5-24
 
Sist, P. Nolan, T., Bertault, J-G, Dykstra, D. 1998. Harvesting intensity versus sustainability in Indonesia. Forest Ecology and Management, 108:251-260.
 
Sist, P. and Dykstra, D.P., Fimbel, R. 1998. Reduced Impact Logging guidelines for research projects undertaken by CIFOR and its research partners in Indonesia. CIFOR occasional paper n° 15, 19 pages.
 
Nguyen-The, N., Favrichon, V., Sist, P. 1999. Recherches sylvicoles en Indonésie. Structure de la forêt avant et après traitement sylvicole. Bois et Forêts des tropiques, 259: 25-44
 
Sist, P., Saridan, A. 1999. Stand structure and floristic composition of a primary lowland dipterocarp forest in East Kalimantan. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 11(4): 704-722
 
Sist, P.1999. Structure et floristique de la forêt primaire à Diptérocarpacées de l’Est Kalimantan. Bois et Forêts des Tropiques, 259: 16-24
 
Bertault,J-G. , Sist, P. 1999. Recherches sylvicoles en Indonésie, objectifs et méthodologie. Bois et Forêts des tropiques, 259: 7-15
 
Sist, P. 2000. L’exploitation à faible impact: Objectifs et enjeux. Bois et Forêts des Tropiques, 265: 31-43
 
Sist, P. 2000. Reduced-Impact logging in the tropics: objectives, principles and impact of research. International Forestry Review 2 (1): 3-10.
 
Sist, P., Nguyen-Thé, 2002. Logging damage and the subsequent dynamics of a dipterocarp forest in East Kalimantan (1990-1996), Forest Ecology and Management, 165: 85-103.
 
Sist, P., Sheil, D., Kartawinata K., Priyadi H. 2003. Reduced-Impact Logging and High Extraction Rates in Mixed Dipterocarps Forests of Borneo: The Need of New Silvicultural Prescriptions. Forest Ecology and Management 179 : 415-427
 
Sist, P., Picard. N, Gourlet-Fleury. 2003. Sustainable rotation length and yields in a lowland mixed dipterocarp forest of Borneo. Annals of Forest Science, 60: 803-814
 
Sist, P., Fimbel, R., Nasi, R., Sheil, D., Chevallier, M-H. 2003. Towards sustainable managament of mixed dipterocarp forests of South East Asia: moving beyond minimum diameter cutting limits. Environmental Conservation 30 (4): 364-374
 
Gayot, M., Sist, P. 2004. Vulnérabilité des espèces de maçaranduba face à l’exploitation forestière en Amazonie brésilienne: la nécessité de définir de nouvelles règles d’exploitation. Bois et forêts des Tropiques 280 (2):77-90
 
Sist, P., Brown, N. 2004. Silvicultural intensification for tropical forest conservation: a response to Fredericksen and Putz. Biodiversity and Conservation 13 : 2381-2385
 
Gourlet-Fleury,S, Cornu, G., Dessard, H., Picard, N., Sist, P. 2004. Modeling forest dynamics for practical management purposes. Bois et Forêts des Tropiques 280 (2) : 41-52
Gourlet-Fleury S., Blanc L., Picard N., Sist P., Dick J., Nasi R., Swaine M.et Forni E. 2005. Grouping species for predicting mixed tropical forest dynamics: looking for a strategy. Annals of Forest Sciences, 62:785-796
 
Sist, P., Garcia, C., Sabogal, C. 2005. International Seminar/Workshop : Towards Better Management Practices in Tropical Humid Forests: Developing Principles and Recommendations for the Amazon Basin. Belém, Brazil, 14 - 19 November 2004 Bois et Forêts des Tropiques, 285 (3): 71-75
 
Sist, P., Nascimento Ferreira, F. 2007. Sustainability of Reduced-Impact Logging in the Eastern Amazon. Forest Ecology and Management 243: 199-209.
 
Bastos da Veiga, J., Tourrand, J-F., Quanz, D., Sist, P., Scopel, E., Alves A.M. 2007. La longue marche de l’agriculture durable en Amazonie. La Recherche, Recherche sur le développement durable, mars 2007, N°406, p 29.
 
 
Other Journals
 
Sist, P. 1997. Completion of the STREK project, CIFOR News 13
 
Sist, P.,Bertault J-G,. 1997. The STREK project. Harvesting Bulletin, FAO. p: 4.
 
Sist,P. 1997. International workshop: the management of secondary forests in Indonesia. CIFOR news, 17.
 
Sist, P. 1997. ITTO funds for Bulungan Research Forest. CIFOR News, 15
 
Wollenberg, E. & Sist, P. 1997. The Bulungan Research Forest.CIFOR Annual Report 1996; 10-11.
 
Sist, P. 2001. Why RIL won’t work by minimum-diameter cutting alone. Tropical Forest Update, 11, 2: 5.
 
Machfudh, Sist, P., Kartawinata, K., Efransyah. 2001. Changing attitude in the forest A pilot project to implement RIL in Indonesia has created enthusiasm for the practice amongst concessionaires. Tropical Forest Update, 11, 2: 10-11
 
 
Sist, P., Piketty, M-G., Tourrand, J-F., Veiga, J.B. 2003. Le point sur la déforestation et l’exploitation forestière en Amazonie brésilienne. La lettre de l’ATIBT, 18 : 20-24.
 
 
 
Books and book Chapters
 
Sist, P., Saridan, A. 1998.Description of the primary lowland forest of Berau. In Bertault, J-G, Kadir K., (eds): “Silvicultural research in a lowland mixed dipterocarp forest of East Kalimantan, the contribution of STREK project”, pp: 51-94, CIRAD-Forêt Publication 250 pp.
 
Sist, P., Bertault, J-G. 1998. Reduced-Impact logging experiments: Impact of harvesting intensities and logging techniques on stand damage. In Bertault, J-G, Kadir K., (eds): “Silvicultural research in a lowland mixed dipterocarp forest of East Kalimantan, the contribution of STREK project”, pp: 139-162, CIRAD-Forêt Publication 250 pp.
 
Sist, P., Abdurachman. 1998. Liberation thinnings in logged-over forests. In Bertault, J-G, Kadir K., (eds): “Silvicultural research in a lowland mixed dipterocarp forest of East Kalimantan, the contribution of STREK project”, pp: 171-180, CIRAD-Forêt Publication 250 pp.
 
Bertault, J-G., Sist, P., Nguyen-The, N. 1998. STREK project objectives and methodology. In Bertault, J-G, Kadir K., (eds): “Silvicultural research in a lowland mixed dipterocarp forest of East Kalimantan, the contribution of STREK project”, pp: 29-50, CIRAD-Forêt Publication 250 pp.
 
Nguyen-The, N., Sist, P. 1998. Phenology of some dipterocarps. In Bertault, J-G, Kadir K., (eds): “Silvicultural research in a lowland mixed dipterocarp forest of East Kalimantan, the contribution of STREK project”, pp: 95-110, CIRAD-Forêt Publication 250 pp.
 
Nguyen-The, N., favrichon, V., Sist, P., Houde, L., Bertault, J-G & Fauvet, N. 1998. Growth and mortality patterns before and after logging. In Bertault, J-G, Kadir K., (eds): “Silvicultural research in a lowland mixed dipterocarp forest of East Kalimantan, the contribution of STREK project”, pp: 181-216, CIRAD-Forêt Publication 250 pp.
 
Sist, P., Sabogal, C., Byron, Y. (eds). 1999. Management of secondary and logged-over forests in Indonesia. Selected proceedings of an international workshop, 17-19 November, Bogor. 113 pages, CIFOR.
 
Sist, P., Sheil, D., Kartawinata, K., Priyadi, H. 2002. Reduced-Impact Logging in Indonesian Borneo: Some results confirming the need for new silvicultural prescriptions. Forest Science and sustainability: ITTO technical Report: The Bulungan Model Forest pp: 26-38.. (Project PD 12/97 rev.1 (F)), CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia.
 
Kartawinata, K., Sheil, D., Wollenberg, E., Levang, P., Sist, P. 2002. Overview of approaches and methods. ITTO technical Report: Forest Science and sustainability: The Bulungan Model. Forest pp: 4-7. (Project PD 12/97 rev.1 (F)), CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia
 
Kartawinata, K., Dwiprabowo, H., Sist, P. 2002. Comparison of Reduced-Impact Logging and conventional logging techniques. Forest Science and sustainability: The Bulungan Model. Forest pp: 23-25. (Project PD 12/97 rev.1 (F)), CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia.
 
Dwiprabowo, H., Grulois, S., Sist, P., Kartawinata, K. 2002. Cost-benefit analysis of reduced-impact logging in a lowland dipterocarp Forest of Malinau, East Kalimantan. ITTO technical Report: Forest Science and sustainability: The Bulungan Model. Forest pp: 39-55. (Project PD 12/97 rev.1 (F)), CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia.
 
Picard, N., Gourlet-Fleury, S., Sist, P. 2003. Using process-dependent groups of species to model the dynamics of a tropical rainforest. In Modelling forest systems. Armaro, A., Reed, D. Soares, P. (eds). Wallinford CAB.
 
Campbell, B.M., Gunarso, P., Kartawinata, K, Levang, P., Rhee, S., Sheil, D., Sist, P., Wollenberg, E. 2003. Empowering forest dwellers and managing forests more sustainably in the landscape of Borneo. In Harwood, P.R & Kassam, A.H. (eds) : “Research Towards integrated natural resources management, examples of research problems, approaches and partnerships in action in the CGIAR”pp: 79-96. FAO, Rome.

Kartawinata K, Priyadi, H. Sheil, D., Riswan, S., Sist, P., Machfudh. 2006. A field guide to the permanent sample plots in the reduced-impact blocks 27 at CIFOR Malinau research forest East Kalimantan Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research
(CIFOR).131 p. ISBN: 979 24 4630 3.

 Kartawinata K, Priyadi, H. Sheil, D., Riswan, S., Sist, P., Machfudh. 2006. A field guide to the permanent sample plots in the Conventional Logging Block 28 &29 at CIFOR Malinau research forest East Kalimantan Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International
Forestry Research (CIFOR).113 p. ISBN: 979 24 4631 1
 
 
Communications in conferences and seminars with published proceedings
 
Sist, P. 1996.Richness and structure of dipterocarps in a primary lowland mixed dipterocarp forest in East Kalimantan. Proceedings of the Fifth round table on dipterocarps, Appanah, S and Khoo, K.C. (eds) 7-9 November 1994, Chiang Mai, Thailand : 60-80.
 
Favrichon, V., Dupuy, B., Maitre, H.F., Nguyen-The,N., Damio, T., Doumbia, N., Kadir K., Petrucci, Y., Sist P. 1997. The response of the tropical forest stand to silviculture operations. Proceedings of the XI world forestry congress, Antalya, 13-22 October 1997. Volume 3: 118-122.
 
F. E. Putz, Elias, P. Sist, D. P. Dykstra and R. Heinrich(eds). 1997.Research Methods for Reduced-Impact Logging: workshop results. Report on the International Training Seminar on Reduced-Impact Timber Harvesting and Natural Forest Management.Bogor and East Kalimantan, 14-27 July 1996,organized by CIFOR and sponsored jointly with: USAID, USFS, FAO.
 
Sist, P. 1999.Directives pour l’Exploitation à Faible Impact (EFI) au Gabon: Objectifs, Principes et Enjeux. Seminaire FORAFRI, October 1998, CD-ROM
 
Sist, P. 2001. Dynamics of a lowland dipterocarp forest in East Kalimantan two years after logging. Proceedings of the sixth round table on dipterocarps, Cox, M.C., Elouard, C. (eds), pp: 62-75.
 
Sist, P. Bertault, J-G., Picard, N. 2002. Why minimum diameter cutting limit cannot fit with RIL objectives, Proceedings of the APFC FAO RIL conference, Kuching, 26 February-1st March, 2001 pp: 65-74
 
Picard, N., Gourlet-Fleury, S., Sist, P. 2003. Using process-dependent groups of species to model the dynamics of a tropical rain-forest. CABI Publishing, Workshop modeling, Sesimbra
 
Hari Priyadi, H., Kartawinata, K., Sist, P. Sheil, S. 2002. Monitoring Permanent Sample Plots (PSPs) after conventional and Reduced –Impact Logging in the Bulungan Research Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia.Proceedings of The Malaysia-ITTO International workshop on growth and yield of managed tropical forest 25-29 June 2002, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Shaharuddin M.I., Kiam, T.S., Hwai, Y.Y., Othman bin Deris & Korsgaard, S. (Eds). Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia. p 226-235
 
Priyadi, H ; Gunarso, P., Sist, P., Dwiprabowo, H. 2006. Reduced-impact logging (RIL) Research and Development in Malinau Research Forest, East Kalimantan: A challenge of RIL adoption. In: Tantra, M.G., Elias.,Supriyanto (Eds.) Proceedings ITTO-MoF Regional Workshop: RIL Implementation in Indonesia with reference to Asia-Pacific Region: Review and Experiences. ITTO and MoF Indonesia. Pp 147-167. ISBN: 979 25 8370 X
 
Priyadi, H., Sheil, D., Kartawinata, K;, Gunarso, P. , Sist, P. , Kanninen. 2006. Tree growth and forest regeneration under different logging treatments in permanent sample plots of a hill mixed diptercarp foprest, malinau Research Forest, Malinau, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Proceedings of International workshop on promoting permanent sample plots in Asia and the Pacific Region, Bogor, Indonesia, 3-5 August 2006, Priyadi, H., Gunarso, P., Kanninen, M. (eds). CIFOR, pp: 47-69.
 
Gourlet-Fleury, S., Sist, P. 2006. Contribution of permanent sample plots to the sustainable management of tropical forests: what rules to warrant the long-term recovery of timber-logged species? Proceedings of international workshop on promoting ermanent sample plots in Asia and the Pacific region, Bogor, Indonesia, 3-5 Agust 2005, Priyadi, H., Gunarso, P. and Kanninen, M. (Eds), p108-109.
 
 
Communications in conferences and seminars without proceedings :
 
Sist, P. 1991. Methodology used to assess the impact and the improvement of logging operations in tropical rainforest of East Kalimantan. Seminar on sustainable tropical forest management, Jakarta, 9-10 December 1991.
 
Sist, P. 1994.Logging in East Kalimantan. Volume assessment and impact on residual stems. STREK Workshop : from the concept to the field reality. Jakarta, 28-29 June 1994.
 
Sist, P., Nguyen-The, N. 1995. CIRAD-Forêt approach in the growth and yield database management. Growth and Yield data clearing house inception workshop, 16 November 1995, Samarinda, Indonesia.
 
Sist, P, Bertault J-G.1995.Reduced-Impact Logging in East Kalimantan : first Results of STREK Project. South Pacific Forestry Development Programme. Training workshop on natural forest management and logging practices, Danum Valley Field Center, Sabah, Malaysia, 24-30 July 1995.
 
Sist, P. Saridan, A. 1995. Tree species identification in Berau East Kalimantan (STREK Project). Paper presented at the Tree flora of Kalimantan workshop. Ministry of Forestry, Bogor 28-30 November 1995.
 
Sist, P., Saridan, A. 1996. Structure and species composition of the lowland mixed dipterocarp forest of Berau. STREK workshop on silvicultural research of the dipterocarp forest in Berau, East Kalimantan, Jakarta, 26-27 June 1996. 17 pages.
 
Sist, P. 1996. Silvicultural treatments in STREK project. Paper presented at STREK workshop on silvicultural research of the dipterocarp forest in Berau, East Kalimantan, Jakarta, 26-27 June 1996. 10 pages.
 
Sist, P. 1996. Reduced-impact logging trials in East Kalimantan (STREK Project): harvesting volumes and damage assessment. Lecture presented at the International research training seminar on reduced-impact wood harvesting and natural forest management. CIFOR, 15-27 July 1996.
Nguyen-The, N. , Favrichon, V., Sist, P., Houde, L., Fauvet, N. 1996. Growth and yield in a mixed dipterocarp forest of East Kalimantan: mortality, growth and balance. STREK workshop on silvicultural research of the dipterocarp forest in Berau, East Kalimantan, Jakarta, 26-27 June 1996. 37 pages.
 
Sist, P. 1997. The Bulungan Research forest project in East Kalimantan. Paper presented at the CGIF Working group meeting, Cisarua, 18-21 March 1997.
 
Sist, P., Sabogal, C. 1997. The management of secondary forests in the humid tropics, a review and annotated bibliography with emphasis on silviculture. Communication presented by J. Turnbull at the XIth World Forestry congress, Antalya, Turkey, October 1997.
 
Sist, P., Priyadi, H., Holt-Wilson, N. 1997. CIFOR’s initiative on a review and annotated bibliography on the management of secondary forests in the humid tropics, with emphasis on silviculture. International workshop on the management of secondary and logged-over forests in Indonesia, Bogor, 16-19 November 1997.
 
Sist, P. 1999. Impact of logging damage on the dynamics and silviculture of a lowland mixed dipterocarp forest of East Kalimantan (Indonesia). Six Round table on Dipterocarps 8-12
February 1999, Bengalore, India.
 
Sist, P. 1999. Reduced-Impact Logging in the tropics : Objectives, Principles and Impact of the Research. Reduced-Impact Logging Workshop, IWOKRAMA, Georgetown, Guyana, 26-30 April 1999.
 
Sist, P. 2003. Towards sustainable management of tropical forest: moving beyond RIL and minimum diameter cutting limits.IUFRO seminar on Reduced-Impact logging for sustainable forest management in the tropics. Parallel sessions of the World Forest Congress, Quebec, Canada
 
Sist, P. Kanashiro, M, Gourlet-Fleury, S. 2005. Towards sustainable management of tropical forest: moving beyond polycyclic felling systems based on minimum diameter cutting limits, IUFRO world forestry Congress, Brisbane August 2005
 
Gourlet-Fleury, S., Sist, P. 2005. Contribution of permanent sample plots to the sustainable management of tropical forests: what rules to warrant the long-term recovery of timber-logged species? Elements from STREK, Bulungan (Indonesia), Paracou (French Guiana) and Mbaïki (Republic of Central Africa) Workshop on Promoting Permanent Sample Plots in Asia and the Pacific Region, 3-4 August 2005 - Bogor
 
 
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Lundi 30 juillet 2007

sist et al. 2003a Forest Ecology and management

Reduced-impact logging in Indonesian Borneo: some resultsconfirming the need for new silvicultural prescriptions

Plinio Sist a,Douglas Sheil b, Kuswata Kartawinata b, Hari Priyadib

a Cirad-Forêt, EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, TA/10C 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France 
b CIFOR, P.O. Box 6596 JKPWB, Jakarta 10065, Indonesia

Received 27 February 2001; received in revised form 29 July 2002; accepted 7 October 2002

Abstract

Reduced-impact logging (RIL) and conventional techniques (CNV) were compared in a mixed dipterocarp hill forest in East Kalimantan in three blocks of about 100 ha each. Damage was evaluated using pre- and post-harvesting assessments in 24 one hectare sample plots. RIL techniques nearly halved the number of trees destroyed (36 vs 60 trees/ha). RIL’s main benefit was in the reduction of skidding damage (9.5% of the original tree population in RIL vs 25% in CNV). Before logging, mean canopy openness in CNV (three plots only) and RIL (9 plots) was similar (3.6 and 3.1%) and not significantly different (X2 = 2:73, P =0.254). After logging, the mean canopy openness was 19.2% in CNV (n = 9 plots) and 13.3% in RIL (n = 8 plots), and the distributions of the canopy class in RIL and CNV significantly different (X2= 43.56, P < 0:001). CNV plots showed a higher proportion of measurements in the most open class 30% than in RIL. At a larger scale, the area of skidtrail per unit timber volume extracted was halved in the RIL compartment (15 m2 vs 27 m2/ m3 for CNV). However, under high felling intensity (>8 trees/ha), both stand damage and canopy disturbance in RIL approached those recorded in CNV under low or moderate felling regime. Over this felling intensity threshold the effectiveness of RIL in reducing tree damage is limited. In mixed dipterocarp forest where harvestable timber density generally exceeds 10 trees/ha, a minimum diameter felling limit is clearly insufficient to keep extraction rates below 8 trees/ha. Based on these new results and previous studies in Borneo, we suggest three silvicultural rules: (1) to keep a minimum distance between stumps of ca. 40 m, (2) to ensure only single tree gaps using directional felling, (3) to harvest only stems with 60–100 cm dbh. Foresters, policy makers and certifiers should consider these as criteria for sustainable forest management. We emphasise the need to expand harvesting studies to look at impacts and trade-offs across larger forest landscapes, to expand RIL beyond silvicultural concepts and to include the aintenance of other forest goods and services.

# 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Hill mixed dipterocarp forest; East Kalimantan; Indonesia; RIL; Logging damage; Felling intensity; Sustainable; TPTI; Criteria and indicators

Reference citation: Sist, P., Sheil, D., Kartawinata K., Priyadi H. 2003. Reduced-Impact Logging and High Extraction Rates in Mixed Dipterocarps Forests of Borneo: The Need of New Silvicultural Prescriptions. Forest Ecology and Management179 : 415-427
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Sist, P., Fimbel, R., Nasi, R., Sheil, D., Chevallier, M-H. 2003. Towards sustainable managament of mixed dipterocarp forests of South East Asia: moving beyond minimum diameter cutting limits. Enviro

Environmental Conservation 30 (4): 364–374 © 2003 Foundation for Environmental Conservation  OI:10.1017/S0376892903000389

Towards sustainable management of mixed dipterocarp forests of SoutheastAsia: moving beyond minimum diameter cutting limits

PLINIO SIST

1*, ROBERT FIMBEL2, DOUGLAS SHEIL3, ROBERT NASI4 AND MARIE-HÉLÈNE CHEVALLIER4

1

Cirad-Forêt, EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, Travessa Eneas Pinheiro, Belem-PA 66095-100, Brazil,
²Washington State Parks, 7150,²Cleanwater Lane, Olympia WA 98504, USA, 
3CIFOR, PO Box 6596, 10065 JKPWB Jakarta, Indonesia and
4Cirad-Forêt, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA 10/C, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France

SUMMARY
Selective logging applied in tropical forests is based on one universal criterion: a minimum diameter cutting limit for all commercial timber species. Minimum diameter cutting limits in mixed dipterocarp forests of the Malesia region lead to high felling intensities (10–20+ trees ha1). Such extraction rates create massive stand damage (> 50% of the remaining tree population), which has a negative impact on the regeneration and growth of many harvested dipterocarp species. As such, the minimum diameter cutting limit approach is seldom compatible with sustainable forest management. Where basic ecological characteristics of the commercial species are considered in timber harvesting prescriptions, mixed dipterocarp forests appear capable of sustained timber yields, habitat conservation, and providing other goods and services. This paper first presents the main silvicultural systems developed in mixed dipterocarp forests of Western Malesia and then reviews current knowledge of dipterocarp biology to finally develop guidelines aimed at improving the ecological sustainability of production forests of Western Malesia. These guidelines, a pragmatic reflection of science and ‘best guess’ judgement, include: (1) integration of reduced-impact logging practices into normal management operations; (2) cutting of eight trees ha1 or less (with a felling cycle of 40–60 years to be determined according to local conditions); (3) defining minimum diameter cutting limits according to the structure, density and diameter at reproduction of target species; (4) avoiding harvesting species with less than one adult tree /ha (diameter at breast height dbh >50cm over an area of 50–100 ha); (5) minimizing the size and connectivity of gaps (600m2 whenever possible); (6) refraining from treatments such as understorey clearing; and (7) providing explicit protection for key forest species and the ecological processes they perform. Further refinement is encouraged to allow for local conditions, and for other forest types.

Keywords: Malesia, mixed dipterocarp forests, reduced-impact logging (RIL), sustainable forest management, silviculture, East Kalimantan, habitat conservation, Tebang Pilih Tanam Indonesia (TPTI)

e submitted: 17 May 2002 Date accepted: 23 May 2003

Reference citation: Sist, P., Fimbel, R., Nasi, R., Sheil, D., Chevallier, M-H. 2003. Towards sustainable managament of mixed dipterocarp forests of South East Asia: moving beyond minimum diameter cutting limits. Environmental Conservation 30 (4):364-374

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Sist, P., Picard. N, Gourlet-Fleury. 2003. Sustainable rotation length and yields in a lowland mixed dipterocarp forest of Borneo. Annals of Forest Science, 60: 803-814

Ann. For. Sci. 60 (2003) 1–12 1© INRA, EDP Sciences, 2003DOI: 10.1051/forest:2003075

Original article

Sustainable cutting cycle and yields in a lowland mixed dipterocarpforest of Borneo

Plinio SIISTa, Nicolas PICARDb, Sylvie GOURLET-FLEURY c

aConvênio Cirad-Forêt-EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, Travessa Eneas Pinheiro, Belem PA 66095-100, Brazil 
bCirad-Forêt, BP 1813, Bamako, Mali 
cCirad-Forêt, TA/10D, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France

(Received 19 February 2002; accepted 19 December 2002)

Based on a 6 year monitoring of the dynamics of a mixed dipterocarp forest in East Borneo (1990-1996), we built a matrix model to predict the sustainable cutting cycle in relation with the extraction and damage rates. Plots were ordered according to three main groups of damage and logging intensity. The first group G1 gathered slightly damaged plots with a remaining basal area ³ 80% of the original (mean logging intensity = 6 trees ha–1). Plots belonging to G2, had a remaining basal area varying between 70 and 79% of the original one (mean logging intensity = 8 trees ha–1). Finally, G3 gathers highly damaged plots with a remaining basal area < 70% of the original one and a high logging intensity (mean = 14 trees ha–1). The mean sustainable cutting cycle predicted in the three groups were significantly different and equal 27, 41 and 89 years in G1, G2 and G3 respectively. However, the respective mean annual extracted volumes were similar: 1.6, 1.8 and 1.4 m3 ha–1 year-1, respectively in G1, G2 and G3.The model suggests that a 40 year cycle, extracting 8 trees ha–1 (60 m3 ha–1) and an annual volume of 1.5 m3 ha–1year–1 is the best option to preserve ecological integrity of the forest, to ensure yield sustainability and according to existing cost analysis economic profitability. This result is also consistent with other studies which already demonstrated that logging damage reduction using RIL techniques could be only significant with a moderate felling intensity not exceeding 8 trees ha–1. This felling intensity threshold can be easily achieved by applying simple harvesting rules.
 
Keywords: Dipterocarp Forest, Sustainable logging intensity, East Kalimantan, TPTI, Modeling, Reduced-Impact Logging, RIL, Matrix models


RESUMÉ
En nous basant sur un suivi de 6 ans de la dynamique d’une forêt mixte à diptérocarpacéees, de Kalimantan Est (1990-1996), nous avons construit un modèle matriciel pour calculer la période de rotation durable en fonction de l’intensité de l’exploitation et des dégâts engendrés. Les parcelles ont été classées dans trois groupes de dégâts et d’intensités. Le groupe G1 rassemble des parcelles ayant subi des dégâts peu importants et ayant conservé une surface terrière ³ 80% de l’originale (intensité moyenne = 6 arbres ha–1). Les parcelles de G2 ont une surface terrière résiduelle variant entre 70 et 79% de l’originale (intensité moyenne = 8 arbres ha–1). Enfin G3 regroupe des parcelles fortement perturbées avec une surface terrière inférieure à 70 % de l’originale et ayant subi une intensité d’exploitation beaucoup plus élevée (14 arbres ha–1). Les durées moyennes de rotation dans les trois groupes sont significativement différentes et s’élèvent à 27, 41 et 89 ans respectivement dans G1, G2 et G 3. Cependant, les volumes annuels prélevés sont statistiquement similaires: 1.6, 1.8 et 1.4 m3 ha–1 an–1, respectivement dans G1, G2 et G3.Le modèle suggère qu’un cycle de 40 ans, avec une extraction moyenne de 8 arbres ha–1 (60 m3ha–1) et un volume annuel prélevé de 1.5 m3 ha–1an–1 constitue la meilleure option permettant d’assurer l’intégrité écologique de la forêt, ainsi qu’une production constante et, selon les études de coûts existantes, économiquement rentable sur le long terme. Ce résultat conforte par ailleurs les études précédentes ayant démontré que les dégâts d’exploitation ne pouvaient être réduits de façon significative qu’à condition de limiter l’intensité d’extraction à 8 arbres ha–1 . Des règles simples permettent de respecter cette intensité.
Mots clés
Forêt mixte à diptérocarpacées, Intensité d’exploitation durable, Kalimantan Est, TPTI, Modélisation, Exploitation à Faible Impact (EFI), Modèles matriciels 

Reference citation: Sist, P., Picard. N, Gourlet-Fleury. 2003. Sustainable rotation length and yields in a lowland mixed dipterocarp forest of Borneo. Annals of Forest Science,60: 803-814
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Sist, P., Brown, N. 2004. Silvicultural intensification for tropical forest conservation: a response to Fredericksen and Putz. Biodiversity and Conservation 13 : 2381-2385

 Biodiversity and Conservation 13 : 2381-2385
 
Silvicultural intensification for tropical forest conservation: a response to Fredericksen and Putz
Plinio Sist[1] and Nick Brown[2]
 
Introduction
In their recent paper Fredericksen and Putz (2003) (henceforth F&P) recognize the necessity to minimize unnecessary logging perturbations but claim that Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) techniques create insufficient disturbance to permit regeneration of some commercially valuable timber species. They argue that in tropical forests where a valuable species requires substantial disturbance for seedling establishment, intensive silviculture consisting mainly in increasing canopy gaps, is necessary in order to maintain a sustainable flow of timber. We argue that tropical forest silviculture for the sustainable management of its resources is much more complex than the increment of gap as claimed by F&P. We take issue with a number of claims made by F&P.
 
Most tropical forests are not shaped by substantial disturbances
F&P appear to have confused a simple model of forest regeneration dynamics with the claim made by some environmental groups that natural forests are fragile, pristine environments that should be protected from any disturbance. Aubréville’s (1938) mosaic theory of regeneration proposed that rather than consisting of stable plant associations, tropical rainforest was composed of a patchwork of seral stages. This patchwork is created by a sequence of disturbances that vary in their magnitude. The resultant gaps of different sizes and stages of regrowth are an important source of species diversity of tropical rainforests (Brokaw 1985). F&P’s claim that this paradigm has recently been superseded by a type of ecological catastrophism is fallacious. The role of past major disturbance in contributing to that mosaic has been appreciated for decades (e.g. Stevenson 1927, Jones 1956). Large disturbances are known to play an important part in structuring forests in the Caribbean, parts of Central America and Pacific islands (Whitmore 1989, Brokaw and Walker 1991, Tanner et al. 1991). Furthermore, there is evidence that many (if not most) tropical rainforests experience infrequent large disturbances (Whitmore and Burslem 1998). However, it is wrong to imply that this is the predominant scale of disturbance determining the structure and composition of most tropical rain forests. Their low frequency and rapid forest recovery (e.g. Nelson et al. 1994) mean that their impact is transitory (Burslem et al. 2000).
 
RIL creates adequate disturbance for the regeneration of many valuable timber species
RIL techniques do not mimic natural disturbance regimes: they are imposed on top of them. The proportion of trees killed by harvesting operations under RIL techniques vary between 7 % in the Amazon to 15% of the original stand in South East Asia (Sist 2000). Logged forests also suffer a much higher natural mortality during the 2-5 years following RIL than primary forest (5% p.a. vs 1% p.a. respectively, Silva et al. 1995, Sist and Nguyen-Thé 2002). In South East Asian dipterocarp forest the disturbance created by RIL (8 harvested trees/ha but 75-80% of the original basal area remaining) was enough to stimulate rapid dipterocarp seedling growth for several years after logging (Sist and Nguyen-Thé 2002). In contrast, in intensively logged and damaged stands (33 % of the original tree population killed and less than 75 % of the original basal area remaining) dipterocarp regeneration was much poorer (Sist and Nguyen-Thé 2002). Numerous field experiments have shown that gaps should be limited to ≤500-650 m2 to favour dipterocarp regeneration and to limit pioneer invasion (Brown and Whitmore 1992, Kuusipalo et al. 1996, Tuomela et al. 1996, Van Gardingen et al. 1998). Forest dynamics modelling suggested that RIL of moderate intensity would also permit a sustainable harvesting rotation of 40 years (volume of about 60 m3/ha at each harvest) while RIL under higher extraction rates and damage, rotation increased to more than 60 years with a substantial risk of favouring pioneer species (Sist and Nguyen-Thé 2002, Sist et al. 2003c).
 
Regeneration is about more than just gap size
One important development that Fredericksen and Putz (2003) have ignored is the recognition that gap size is only one of many influences on patterns of rainforest regeneration. The gap-phase regeneration paradigm assumed that the most competitive plant was the one that had the greatest relative growth rate in response to the ambient light environment (Denslow 1980). Field experiments have shown that tall plants are able to capture more light and consequently grow faster and cast shade on the shorter plants beneath them. As a consequence, regeneration is often dominated by the tallest plants in a gap regardless of their species (Brown and Whitmore 1992). When the seedling bank and all advance regeneration is destroyed by a disturbance the first plants to re-colonise a gap will often pre-empt the light and delay or inhibit further colonisation by other species. In large gaps these are typically pioneer species that have widely dispersed seeds and a persistent soil seed bank. For silvicultural systems that depend on natural regeneration it is therefore crucial that the forest is already well stocked with abundant seedlings and advance regeneration of desirable speciesprior to logging. It is also important that logging does not destroy those seedlings. F&P argue that many important commercial species such as Swietenia macrophylla, Entandrophragma spp. and Shorea leprosula require big gaps or even catastrophic disturbance to regenerate. However, a number of experimental studies have shown that these species have poorer germination and establishment in very open conditions than in partial shade (Nicholson 1960, Nussbaum et al. 1995, Kyereh et al. 1999, Morris et al. 2000, Hall et al. 2003) making it difficult for them to establish naturally in large felling gaps.
Past experience suggests that substantial opening of the forest canopy typically triggers vine and pioneer infestations that are very costly to control. There are numerous reports of failed attempts to stimulate the regeneration of light-demanding species using substantial canopy opening (Lancaster 1961, Britwum 1976, Lowe 1978, Wyatt-Smith 1988, Bruenig 1996). Moreover, large canopy openings significantly increase forest flammability, particularly during long periods of drought such as those that occur in South East Asia during El Niño events (Dennis 1999).
Another factor which F&P have failed to take account of is that commercially valuable timber species occur in forests across a range of climate types and their response to disturbance varies accordingly. For example, Entandrophragma utile regenerates in large gaps in high forest in the south of Ghana but in the drier north is restricted to moist shaded areas away from direct sunlight (W. Hawthorne pers comm.). Swietenia macrophylla is a species that regenerates profusely in the more open conditions found in the transition zone from open deciduous forest to evergreen rain forest (Brown et al. 2003). In these forests, small-scale disturbances created by controlled logging will be enough to stimulate natural regeneration (Brown et al. 2003). In high forest S. macrophylla persists as a relic population in the process of competitive exclusion. In these high forests as those of the Brazilian Amazon, populations of mahogany are typically represented by very few adults and seedlings and saplings are rare (Grogan et al. 2002, Brown et al. 2003). Under such circumstances large disturbances may be necessary for natural regeneration. However, in this type of population, it is also absolutely essential to leave sufficient adult trees to ensure reproduction and therefore seed production (Jennings et al. 2001). Indeed, the creation of a favourable microclimate for regeneration is useless if reproduction processes are not preserved, an essential point that F&P did not address at all.
 
Conclusions
Whilst there is evidence that many humid tropical forests have experienced large disturbances in the past, very few commercially important species require cataclysmic disturbance for regeneration. Recent research has shown that RIL techniques are necessary but not sufficient for sustainable harvesting (especially when based solely on minimum diameter cutting limits) (Sist et al. 1998, Sist et al. 2003a, b). Intensive silviculture (meaning the rigorous application of skilled forest management as opposed to substantial opening of the forest canopy) is urgently needed to stimulate the regeneration and growth of many valuable commercial species, not just the most light -demanding ones. This is a complex task which cannot be reduced simply to the manipulation of felling gap sizes. Large gaps may promote fast growth by a small number of light demanding species but they have other ecological ramifications which may not be beneficial for sustainable production. Threshold levels of damage that can be sustained in the long-term have only been quantified for a small number of tropical forests (e.g. a harvesting threshold of 8 trees/ha, and maximum gap size of 600 m2 for mixed dipterocarp forest, Sist et al 2003a, b; or one third of the original basal area in French Guiana, Gourlet-Fleury pers. comm.). But without a good understanding of these thresholds, general recommendations such as F&P’s proposal to increase gap sizes in order to favour a few light demanding timber species, may have disastrous and irreversible effects on forest recovery after logging.
Most experiences over the last century in tropical rain forests around the World show that intensive silviculture was neither effective nor sustainable. Tropical forestry has been dominated by western silvicultural concepts that mainly aimed to favour a limited number of species while eliminating non-commercial ones. In contrast, we believe that modern silviculture should maintain and promote the extreme high diversity of tropical forest as it represents an important biological and potential economical value for the future.
 
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury, Eric Forni, Robert Nasi and Peter Savill for their comments and inputs in an earlier draft.
 
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[1] Forestry Departme